Czech education system

The Czech Republic's education system has a long history, as well as a dynamic present. Charles University was the first university in Central and Eastern Europe at the time of its establishment in 1348. Since then, higher education has spread throughout the country. Compulsory school attendance was introduced in 1774, after which a system of lower levels of education gradually evolved. In recent decades, the education system has undergone numerous and profound changes focused on decentralisation, diversification and inclusion.

A part from public schoolstheCzech education system at lower levels comprises many private and church schools, as well as a few state schools established by various ministries for specialpurposesThe same conditions apply to all pupilsincluding foreign citizensThe language of instruction is Czech, although some schools may be allowed to teach in other languages. In additionto thenational systemseveral foreign schools operate inCzechia. Care for theyoungest children is generally provided outside of theeducation system, most commonly at children's group. 

Pre-primary education  

Nursery schools provide pre-primary education for children from two to six years of ageMunicipalities guarantee places for children from theage of three. From thebeginning of theschool yearfollowing thechild’s fifth birthdayeducation at a nursery school is compulsory and free of chargeThere are almost 4,900 public nursery schoolsthefees are regulated in lower yearsThere are alsoalmost 500 private/church nursery schools with monthly fees that vary widely with large regional differences 

Primary and lower secondary education  

School attendance is compulsory for nine yearsusually from age six to 15.  

Primary and lower secondary education is provided mainly by single-structure basic schoolswhich are divided into a five-year first stage and a four-year second stageThere are almost 4,000 public and more than 300 private/church basic schoolsUnder certain conditionsindividual education (home schoolingis also possible. 

At thelower secondary level, there are also other education opportunitiesAfter successfully passing theadmission examination or aptitude test, gifted pupils may be admitted to aneight-year or six-year secondary general programme provided by more than 330 schools or one of thefive eight-year conservatoires 

At public schoolstheeducation is free of chargeThe fees at private schools vary significantly, from a few hundred to several tens of thousands of CZK per month 

Upper secondary education 

Upper secondary education is provided by over 950 public and over 350 private/church upper secondary schoolsAnother 18 conservatoires provide education in thearts 

There are two main study pathways 

Schools offering four-year general and vocational programmesmulti-year general secondary programmes and conservatoires provide upper secondary education with the Maturita examinationwhich entitles graduates to enter thetertiary level of education (most of them do so). The admission procedure includes a centrally organised admission examination and/or anaptitude test; the head of thegiven school may set other (school-specificconditions. 

In two- and three-year vocational programmespupils attain upper secondary education with a VET certificate based on the VET final examinationGraduates cannot proceed directly to tertiaryeducationhoweverthere are some flexible arrangements (follow-up coursesfor those wishing to continue their studiesincluding acquirement ofthe Maturita examination certificate (even laterin life). The admission criteria are set by the head of thegiven school. 

Education is provided free of charge at public schools. At other schoolsthefees vary depending on thecomplexity of thefield of study, thetechnical equipment of theschool and the economic situation of individual regions 

IMG_3067.jpeg

 

Higher education and current trends  

With its nearly 700 years of academic traditionthe Czech higher education system consists of almost 60 institutions in over 20 cities, of which 26 are public, 25 are private and two are stateinstitutionsCzechia is also home to around 15 branches of international universities and collegesThere is at least one institution in almost every regional capitalstimulating regional development and providing local industries with good access to skilled labour. In additionthere are approximately 150 tertiary professional schools with more than 22,000 studentswhich offer professionally-oriented non-university programmes 

Higher education institutions (HEIsmay be of a university or non-university type. Universities may offer all types of study programmes (i.ebachelor’smaster’s and doctoral programmes) and carryout associated activities in science and research, development and innovation, as well as artistic or other creative activities. Non-university institutions offer mainly bachelor’s study programmes 

As thehigher education institutions enjoy a high degree of autonomy, theadmission procedure falls within their competenceCurrentlythere are over 300,000 students at public, state and privateHEIsRoughly 90% of students attend public higher education institutionsAmong Czech students, business is the most popular fieldfollowed by educationhealth and welfare, and engineering. As for foreign studentsthefirst is also business, but followed by health and welfare and ICT.  

Study outcomes at higher education institutions are assessed basically by a system of credits. Most HEIs use the ECTS credit system (European Credit Transfer System).  

At public and state HEIseducation in the Czech language is free of chargefees are paid only in some casese.g. study in a foreign language. At private HEIsthefees vary. The exact amount dependson therespective institution and study programme. 

Czech higher education institutions rank amongst the top universities in the region of Eastern Europe – 16 universities (with the Charles University in Prague at the top of this ranking) are includedin the QS World University Ranking for 2025. 

 

IMG_3068.jpeg

TodayCzechia is also anattractive destination that is increasingly popular among international students who can choose from over 1,000 diverse accredited bachelor’smaster’s and doctoralprogrammes in English and other foreign languages. More than 150 offered programmes are joint or double degreeStudents also have a great number of other possibilities, such as study stayswithin the framework of various European and non-European mobility programmestailored-made study-abroad programmescooperation arrangements between higher education institutionnetworkssummer schools and so on. In 2024, there were over 54,000 international students enrolled in full degree programmes and their share of all students was approximately one fifth (20.5%). 

Public HEIs play animportant role in research development and innovationCzechia has achieved international renown in areas ranging from Egyptology to high-tech fields such as non-wovennanofibres, as well as a success in, for examplenew treatments for cancer and haematological and urological diseasesThe country’s university-based research focuses on the development of laser systems, biomedical and materials science, energy research and complex mathematical modelling in the natural, medical and technical sciences. Czech HEIs are also widely involved in cooperation on international projects.  

A detailed description of the Czech education system is available in English in the Eurypedia database administered by the EURYDICE network. More information on study opportunities at Czech HEIs is available on a specialised webpage Study in Czechia. The sources of statistical data in the text above are the databases of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and the Czech Statistical Office. 

 

Jana Halamová
Head of the Czech Eurydice Unit
DZS
jana.halamova@dzs.cz
www.dzs.cz 

IMG_2248.jpeg IMG_2249.jpeg